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Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2024Salbutamol and hyoscine butylbromide (HBB) are commonly used bronchodilators in horses with severe asthma (SA). (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Salbutamol and hyoscine butylbromide (HBB) are commonly used bronchodilators in horses with severe asthma (SA).
OBJECTIVE
To compare the bronchodilation potency, duration, and adverse effects of salbutamol and HBB in SA.
ANIMALS
Six horses in exacerbation of SA.
METHODS
The effects of inhaled salbutamol (1000 μg) and HBB (150 mg, IV) were compared in a randomized, blinded, crossover experiment. Lung function, intestinal borborygmi and heart rate were assessed before and sequentially until 180 minutes after drug administration, and analyzed with 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA and Dunnett's multiple comparison tests.
RESULTS
Both treatments caused a similar improvement in lung function. Pulmonary resistance and reactance returned to baseline values within 30 minutes after HBB administration, whereas salbutamol improved reactance until 180 minutes (mean improvement at 180 minutes of 0.040 Kpa/L/s, 95% CI = 0.004 to 0.076; P = .02 for salbutamol and of 0.009 Kpa/L/s, 95% CI = -0.028 to 0.045; P = .98 for HBB for the resistance at 3 Hz and of 0.040 Kpa/L/s, 95% CI = 0.007 to 0.074; P = .01 for salbutamol and of 0.009 Kpa/L/s, 95% CI = -0.024 to 0.042; P = .97 for HBB for the reactance at 7 Hz). From 5 to 30 minutes after HBB administration, the heart rate accelerated (mean increase of 3.3 beats per minute, 95% CI = -6.6 to 13.1; P = .92 for salbutamol, and of 13.0 beats per minute, 95% CI = 3.6 to 22.4; P = .002 for HBB at 30 minutes) and the gut sounds decreased (mean reduction of 1.3, 95% CI = -0.1 to 2.8; P = .09 for salbutamol and of 2.8 for the gastrointestinal auscultation score, 95% CI = 1.4 to 4.3; P < .0001 for HBB at 30 minutes).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Both drugs have a similar bronchodilator potency but with a longer duration for salbutamol. Gastrointestinal and cardiovascular effects were noted only with HBB, suggesting the preferential use of salbutamol to relieve bronchoconstriction in horses with asthma.
Topics: Animals; Horses; Albuterol; Asthma; Horse Diseases; Bronchodilator Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Male; Female; Heart Rate; Administration, Inhalation
PubMed: 38609079
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17057 -
Acta Gastro-enterologica Belgica 2016Colonic spasm makes colonoscope advancement difficult. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Colonic spasm makes colonoscope advancement difficult. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hyoscine-N-butylbromide as an antispasmodic during colonoscopy.
METHOD
Patients referred for elective colonoscopy were randomized into the study and placebo groups. Before the procedure, the study and placebo groups received 20 mg intra-venous hyoscine-N-butylbromide and intravenous saline solution of the same amount, respectively. Demographic and procedure--related data were recorded and compared between the groups.
RESULTS
Of 198 patients referred for elective colonoscopy, 121 were included (study group = 60, placebo group = 61). No differences were observed between the study and placebo groups in terms of demographic data, pre-procedure characteristics, and colonoscopic characteristics including the cecal intubation time, total procedure time, bowel preparation, sedation doses, hemo-dynamic findings, endoscopist satisfaction, patient comfort, and polyp detection rate. The only difference was an increase in the heart rate by 32% in the study group after hyoscine-N-butyl-bromide administration (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Hyoscine-N-butylbromide did not reduce the time to reach the cecum and the total colonoscopy time, and patient and endoscopist satisfaction and polyp detection rate did not change. Furthermore, it was concluded that hyoscine-N-butylbromide can increase the risk of drug-related complications.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Colitis; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Colonoscopy; Diverticulum, Colon; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Operative Time; Parasympatholytics; Premedication; Spasm; Young Adult
PubMed: 27382934
DOI: No ID Found -
Sleep Apr 2019Recent findings indicate that noradrenergic and antimuscarinic processes are crucial for sleep-related reductions in pharyngeal muscle activity. However, there are few... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
STUDY OBJECTIVES
Recent findings indicate that noradrenergic and antimuscarinic processes are crucial for sleep-related reductions in pharyngeal muscle activity. However, there are few human studies. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine if a combined noradrenergic and antimuscarinic intervention increases pharyngeal dilator muscle activity and improves airway function in sleeping humans.
METHODS
Genioglossus (GG) and tensor palatini electromyography (EMG), pharyngeal pressure, upper airway resistance, and breathing parameters were acquired in 10 healthy adults (5 female) during two overnight sleep studies after 4 mg of reboxetine (REB) plus 20 mg of hyoscine butylbromide (HBB) or placebo using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, cross-over design.
RESULTS
Compared with placebo, peak and tonic GG EMG were lower (Mean ± SD: 83 ± 73 vs. 130 ± 75, p = 0.021 and 102 ± 102 vs. 147 ± 123 % wakefulness, p = 0.021, respectively) but the sleep-related reduction in tensor palatini was less (Median [25th, 75th centiles]: 53[45, 62] vs. 34[28, 38] % wakefulness, p = 0.008) with the drug combination during nonrapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep. These changes were accompanied by improved upper airway function including reduced pharyngeal pressure swings, airway resistance, respiratory load compensation, and increased breathing frequency during N2. REB and HBB significantly reduced rapid eye movement sleep compared with placebo (0.6 ± 1.1 vs. 14.5 ± 6.8 % total sleep time, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Contrary to our hypothesis, GG muscle activity (% wakefulness) during non-REM sleep was lower with REB and HBB. However, sleep-related reductions in tensor palatini activity were less and upper airway function improved. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the role of noradrenergic and antimuscarinic processes on upper airway function in humans and have therapeutic potential for obstructive sleep apnea.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, https://www.anzctr.org.au, trial ID: ACTRN12616000469415.
Topics: Adult; Airway Resistance; Australia; Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Nose; Parasympatholytics; Pharyngeal Muscles; Pharynx; Polysomnography; Pressure; Reboxetine; Respiration; Scopolamine; Sleep; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Sleep, REM; Tongue; Wakefulness
PubMed: 30590857
DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy261 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Nov 2020
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adolescent; Behavior Therapy; Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Child; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Muscarinic Antagonists; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 33257330
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.202555 -
Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ May 2003A short cut review was carried out to establish whether buscopan (hyoscine butylbromide) is better than analgesics at controlling pain in abdominal colic. A total of 31... (Review)
Review
A short cut review was carried out to establish whether buscopan (hyoscine butylbromide) is better than analgesics at controlling pain in abdominal colic. A total of 31 papers were found using the reported search, of which none presented any evidence to answer the clinical question. It is concluded that there is no evidence available to answer this question. Further research is needed.
Topics: Adult; Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Colic; Emergencies; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists
PubMed: 12748151
DOI: 10.1136/emj.20.3.267 -
Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics &... Dec 2017Hyoscine butyl bromide (HBB) is known for its antispasmodic action and has been in use for over five decades, there is however no consensus on its effectiveness in the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
Hyoscine butyl bromide (HBB) is known for its antispasmodic action and has been in use for over five decades, there is however no consensus on its effectiveness in the labor process. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of HBB on the duration of the active phase of labor.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 160 parturient who received either intravenous Hyoscine butyl-bromide (20 mg in 1 ml; n = 80) or intravenous normal saline (1 ml, n = 80). The mean duration of active phase of labor was compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
The observed mean duration of the active phase of labor was significantly shorter (P = 0.001) in the Hyoscine butyl-bromide group (365.11 ± 37.32 min, range = 280-490) than in the Placebo group (388.46 ± 51.65 min, range = 280-525). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean duration of the second and third stages of labor (20.46 ± 10.46 vs. 23.38 ± 18.95 min, P = 0.43 and 8.96 ± 4.34 vs. 9.23 ± 5.92 min, P = 0.75, respectively). The mean 1-min APGAR scores were also comparable (8.08 ± 1.54 vs. 7.64 ± 1.60, P = 0.08). The mean postpartum blood loss was significantly less in the Hyoscine butyl-bromide group (303 ± 96.52 vs. 368 ± 264.19 ml, P = 0.04).
CONCLUSION
Hyoscine butyl-bromide was effective in shortening the duration of the active phase of labor. It was also associated with significantly less postpartum blood loss.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Adolescent; Adult; Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Labor Onset; Parasympatholytics; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Pregnancy; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 29241909
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2017.10.003 -
American Journal of Therapeutics 2016It has been observed that atrial overdrive pacing abolishes sleep apnea syndrome, but how it does so has not been explained. There is a possibility that it sends a...
It has been observed that atrial overdrive pacing abolishes sleep apnea syndrome, but how it does so has not been explained. There is a possibility that it sends a retrograde inhibitory impulse to the vagal center in the brainstem, which in turn reduces the vagal tone, and thus prevents sleep apnea. Therefore, medical vagolytics such as atropine type of drugs should have the same effect. This is a case report of such an attempt.
Topics: Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sleep; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Vagus Nerve
PubMed: 25933142
DOI: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000240 -
Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of... Jul 2015Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a representative clinical manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic gastrointestinal tract inflammation. Dextran sulfate...
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a representative clinical manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic gastrointestinal tract inflammation. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice have been used to investigate UC pathogenesis, and in this UC model, disturbance and impairment of the mucosal epithelium have been reported to cause colitis. However, how DSS sporadically breaks down the epithelium remains unclear. In this study, we focused on the colonic microcirculation and myenteric neurons of DSS-induced colitis. Moreover, we examined the potential of myenteric neurons as a target to prevent exacerbation of colitis. Fluorescent angiographic and histopathological studies revealed that DSS administration elicited blood vessel disruption before epithelial disorders appeared. Ischemic conditions in the lamina propria induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in myenteric neurons as colitis aggravated. When neuronal activity was inhibited with butylscopolamine, neuronal iNOS expression decreased, and the exacerbation of colitis was prevented. These results suggested that DSS-induced colitis was triggered by microcirculatory disturbance in the mucosa, and that excessive neuronal excitation aggravated colitis. During remission periods of human UC, endoscopic inspection of the colonic microcirculation may enable the early detection of disease recurrence, and inhibition of neuronal iNOS expression may prevent the disease from worsening.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Bevacizumab; Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Capillaries; Capillary Permeability; Colitis; Colon; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Enteric Nervous System; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microcirculation; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Peripherins; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 25938626
DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.60 -
Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2021Preliminary data indicates there is a cholinergic basis to insulin secretion. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Preliminary data indicates there is a cholinergic basis to insulin secretion.
AIMS & OBJECTIVE
To investigate the impact of oral anticholinergics on insulin secretion in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), in comparison with volunteers having normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Material & Methods: This prospective observational study recruited 10 IGT and 10 NGT subjects. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted twice in the absence and presence of hyoscine butyl-bromide (HBB). The plasma glucose (PG) and insulin levels were serially estimated at 30-min increments for 2 h after the OGTT. Early (ΔI30/ΔPG30) & late (insulin/PGAUC 60-120) phase insulin activity were assessed subsequently.
RESULTS
The study constituted of 10 IGT (4M/6F, BMI: 28.80 ± 2.30) and 10 NGT (5M/5F, BMI: 23.00 ± 0.80) subjects. In the NGT group, the pre-HBB mean glucose levels (0-120 min) were comparable with those recorded after HBB intake. However, after HBBB, the mean insulin levels decreased significantly at t = 90 and 120min, confirmed by attenuated late phase insulin activity in IGT (P = 0.023) & NGT (P = 0.006) group. On the other hand, in the IGT group, however, HBB did not impact on the mean PG and insulin levels (0-120 min).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study findings indicate that insulin secretion is influenced by cholinergic system and that oral anticholinergics may attenuate the late phase insulin activity in varying degrees of glycemic status.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Cholinergic Antagonists; Female; Glucose; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Insulin Secretion; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 34414907
DOI: 10.4103/ijp.IJP_792_19 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Sep 2016Drugs used during pregnancy can adversely affect the health and life of the mother and unborn child. However, the fact that drugs are needed to mitigate complications...
BACKGROUND
Drugs used during pregnancy can adversely affect the health and life of the mother and unborn child. However, the fact that drugs are needed to mitigate complications during pregnancy cannot be avoided. The present study was designed to identify the common complications during pregnancy and assess the medications that have been used to mitigate those complications in an attempt to improve drug prescribing during pregnancy.
METHODS
A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Nepal in 275 pregnant women presenting with at least one complication and the drugs prescribed for the management of those complications were analyzed.
RESULTS
Majority of the patients in this study were in the age group 20-24 (44 %) and in the third trimester (53.8 %). Maximum patients complained pain (back, abdominal, lower abdominal, neck, pelvic) as primary complication (24.3 %) which was followed by nausea/vomiting, upper respiratory tract complications, acid reflux disease and others. Of the total prescriptions eighty six (86) did not have any medicines prescribed to the patients except multivitamins and nutritional supplements. The average drugs prescribed per patient was 2.78 in outpatient setting and 5.41 in in-patients. Ranitidine, hyoscine butylbromide, paracetamol were the most frequently prescribed medications. Antimicrobials comprised 12.8 % of total drugs prescribed and 18 % of total drugs were fixed dose combinations. Two hundred and thirty four (234) prescriptions out of 275 were prescribed by brand names. Most of the prescribed drugs were from FDA pregnancy category B and C.
CONCLUSION
The present finding showed that pregnant patients were prescribed medications almost only when necessary and those considered safe during pregnancy were chosen to a large extent. However, few teratogenic drugs (2.49 % of total drugs prescribed) were also found to be prescribed which might need further assessments.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Prescriptions; Female; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Nepal; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Ranitidine
PubMed: 27644958
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-1068-8